The Scottish Human Rights Commission was established by an Act of the Scottish Parliament [[1]] and started their work in 2008. The Commission is independent of Government, and the Scottish and Westminster Parliaments. The Scottish Human Rights Commission promotes and protects the human rights of everyone in Scotland. They are working to increase awareness, recognition and respect for human rights, and make them more relevant and easier to apply in everyday life. The Commission is dedicated to helping everyone understand their rights and the shared responsibilities everyone has to each other and to their community.
The SHRC have offices in Edinburgh and Glasgow. It is a SPCB supported body meaning that it is separate and independent from Government but still accountable for its public funds. The chairman of the Commission is Professor Alan Miller.
The Scottish Human Rights Commission is the newest of the three national human rights institutions (NHRIs) in the United Kingdom and, like the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission (NIHRC) and the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC), it has secured "A status" accreditation from the International Co-ordinating Committee of NHRIs (the ICC). The Scottish Parliament, when establishing the Commission in 2008, ensured that it complied with United Nations Principles Related to the Status of National Institutions [[2]], known as the Paris Principles. These principles comprise a series of recommendations on the role, status and functions of NHRIs. The Commission has a strong international profile and can participate in parallel reporting mechanisms for UN treaty processes. In October 2010 it hosted the biennial world conference of NHRIs in Edinburgh.[[3]]. The Commission was elected as Chair of the European Group of National Human Rights Institutions during a meeting of international organisations in Geneva on 17 May 2011.
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The Commission must lay annually before the Scottish Parliament a general report on the exercise of its functions during the year. Issues concerning equality, and some non-devolved human rights matters, are the responsibility of the EHRC. The SHRC, NIHRC and EHRC participate with the Equality Commission for Northern Ireland in the "independent mechanism" to promote, protect and monitor implementation in the UK of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [[4]].
The Scottish Commission was established by the Scottish Commission for Human Rights Act 2006 [[5]], an Act of the Scottish Parliament. The legislation sets out
The Commission is under a duty to ensure it is not duplicating work that others already carry out. It cannot provide assistance to any person in connection with a legal claim. Assistance includes advice, guidance and grants.
The Commission is Chaired by Professor Alan Miller [[6]] (who was appointed by a vote of the Scottish Parliament). There are also three part time Commissioners:
A previous Commissioner, John McNeill, was named as the new Police Complaints Commissioner for Scotland[[10]] PCC announcement</ref> on 17 August 2009.
The Commission presented its first Strategic Plan to the Scottish Parliament in June 2009, after a national consultation which took in a wide range of responses from civic society, individuals, public authorities and representatives from local and national government. It identified its key priorities as promoting and protecting human dignity in Scotland, addressing emerging human rights issues, bringing human rights to life and supporting human rights in the world.
The current work of the Commission focuses on implementing a human-rights–based approach at the heart of policy choices and practice in Scotland to ensure that human rights are at the centre of how organisations in Scotland work, as well as how they measure success.
This project aims to increase awareness, understanding and confidence in the care sector about human rights in order to improve conditions for those in care and for their carers. Particular emphasis has been placed on the needs of older people through a training package called Care about Rights [[11]]
In February 2010 the Commission published a comprehensive human rights framework to address historic child abuse through an Acknowledgement and Accountability Forum [[12]]. The framework was positively received by many survivors and international experts. The Commission continues to monitor the process of acknowledgement and accountability in Scotland and the implementation of its recommendations.
In May 2009 the Commission undertook a major evaluation of the experience of a Special NHS Health Board which had sought to adopt a human-rights–based approach into their policies and organisational culture. The evaluation identified clear evidence of the success of the human rights based approach and several public authorities have expressed an interest.
Since October 2009 the Commission has been undertaking a major research exercise in order to map the 'gaps' in the fulfilment of human rights in Scotland. This mapping exercise will run until 2012 and will lead to the development of the National Action Plan in order to inform the future strategic priorities of the Commission. The Commission is also expected to use this to engage with the United Nations Universal Periodic Review in April 2012.
In order to fulfil its mandate concerning education and training the Commission has developed training materials on human rights for staff in local authorities. In January 2010 the Commission piloted human rights training for staff within the Services for Communities Division of the City of Edinburgh Council. In the following month research was also conducted into international best practice and various experiences of carrying out human rights impact assessments.
In 2010 the Commission contributed to the work of the Working Group of the International Coordinating Committee of National Human Rights Institutions on Business and Human Rights by drafting a survey for all institutions on their interests, needs and capacities in the area. The Commission also provided written and oral evidence to the UK Parliament Joint Committee on Human Rights inquiry on Business and Human Rights. In October 2010 the Commission hosted the International Conference of National Human Rights Institutions on the theme of Business and Human Rights [[13]]. The conference agreed the Edinburgh Declaration, which sets an action plan for NHRIs on business and human rights.
In 2009, the Conservative party, then the main UK opposition party, announced that, if elected, it would repeal the Human Rights Act 1998 and replace it with a Bill of Rights. In March 2010 the Commission published two statements, including one co-signed with the NIHRC, calling for the preservation of the Act and emphasising that human rights would be best protected by building on the Act instead of replacing it [[14]].
In November 2009 the Commission, in conjunction with the Scottish Environment Protection Agency, the Scottish Government and the British Trust for Conservation Volunteers, held a conference in Glasgow on 'Human Rights and Climate Change, Achieving climate justice in Scotland'[[15]].
The Commission is one of over 80 NHRIs within the International Coordinating Committee of NHRIs (ICC), a global network supported by the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights [[16]]. In June 2010 the Commission was given "A status" accreditation by the ICC; this gives it enhanced access to treaty bodies and other UN mechanisms. Along with the NIHRC and EHRC the SHRC participates in the European Group of NHRIs.
In June 2009 the Commission hosted the first joint meeting of the four national human rights institutions of the UK and Ireland; the Equality and Human Rights Commission, the Irish Human Rights Commission, the NIHRC and, of course, the Scottish Commission. Justice Albie Sachs, a former justice of the South African Constitutional Court, also participated in the meeting.
In October 2010 the Commission hosted the 10th International Conference of National Human Rights Institutions at the Scottish Parliament, bringing together delegates from over 80 countries to discuss issues around Business and Human Rights. The conference ended with the agreement of the Edinburgh Declaration[[17]]
In June 2009 the Commission was appointed a member of the UK's independent mechanism responsible for promoting, monitoring and protecting the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
In May 2009 the Commission submitted a parallel report to the United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights which monitors implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, as did the EHRC and the NIHRC. The SHRC report provided a critique of law, policy and practice in Scotland.